If you want to complete this route from Polish side in one day, start early in the morning (4/5 am) - this is to make sure you reach Rysy before noon as the weather can be very unpredictable; another reason is to avoid queues to the top.
Expect a lot of people on the trail. If you start at Palenica Białczańska you will have quite a long mostly asphalt road to Morskie Oko (mildly annoying).
The last 20-30 minutes from Morskie Oko to Czarny Staw lead through quite demanding trail, which is a prelude for what you can expect next.
Use the time at Czarny Staw to eat something rich in protein and drink some electrolytes. Your next stop will be at Bula pod Rysami, to which you will go through a steep trail. From Bula, it's around 1 hour to the top on a trail with chains for support. It may be longer as quite often queues are observed there.
Be prepared for exposition, number of other tourists and rather demanding trail. Note: I've seen 6-year-old on the top so it's not that bad.
Always check weather before you go, wear suitable shoes, take your hiking poles with you.